Betaxolol

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Betaxolol

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Locally. 1-2 drops in the conjunctival sac 2 times a day.

In some patients, stabilization of intraocular pressure occurs within a few weeks, so it is recommended to control intraocular pressure during the first month of treatment.

The duration of the drug is determined by the attending physician, depending on the effectiveness of therapy.

In case of insufficient clinical efficacy of monotherapy, additional therapy is prescribed.

The use of two beta-blockers for local use is not recommended.

To reduce the systemic absorption of the drug, nasolacrimal occlusion is recommended - pressing the inner edges of the eyelids for 2-3 minutes after instillation of the drug.

Transition from another antihypertensive therapy

When switching from therapy with one beta-blocker to another drug from the group of beta-blockers, it is recommended to complete a full day of therapy with the previously used antihypertensive agent, and start instillation of Betaxolol 0.25% in each affected eye 1 drop 2 times a day.

In the absence of an adequate response to therapy, the dose may be increased to 1-2 drops of a 0.5% betaxolol solution in each affected eye twice a day.

When switching from therapy with a hypotensive drug of another group, other than beta-blockers, the instillations of the previously prescribed drug are continued, with instillations of one drop of a 0.25% betaxolol solution in each affected eye twice a day. The next day, the previously applied treatment is canceled and therapy with betaxolol continues.

Use in the pediatric population

According to limited data, it can be recommended for reducing intraocular pressure in case of true congenital glaucoma, infantile and juvenile congenital glaucoma in the preoperative period or in the case of ineffective surgical treatment. Before using the drug, it is necessary to carefully evaluate the risks and benefits of using betaxolol in the pediatric population by carefully collecting anamnesis for systemic disorders.

In case the benefit exceeds the risk, it is recommended to use in the minimum available concentration 1 drop once a day. With insufficient hypotensive effect, it is necessary to switch to use 2 times a day with an interval of 12 hours between instillations. Control of eye and systemic side effects is necessary within 1-2 hours after the first instillation.

Adverse reactions

Like other drugs in the form of eye drops, it can enter the systemic circulation, leading to the development of systemic side effects.

Undesirable reactions are presented in accordance with the following gradation of the frequency of their development: very often (≥ 10%); often (≥ 1, <10%); infrequently (≥ 0.1, <1%); rarely (≥ 0.01, <0.1%); very rarely (

Violations by the organ of vision

Very often: discomfort in the eyes.

Often: blurred vision, increased tearing.

Infrequently: punctate keratitis, keratitis, conjunctivitis, blepharitis, visual impairment, photophobia, eye pain, dry eye syndrome, asthenopia, blepharospasm, itchy eyes, discharge from the eyes, the formation of crusts on the edges of the eyelids, eye irritation, disorders of the conjunctiva, conjunctival edema, eye hyperemia.

Rarely: cataract, decreased corneal sensitivity, eyelid redness.

Nervous system disorders

Often: headache.

Seldom: faint.

Frequency unknown: dizziness.

Heart disorders

Infrequently: bradycardia, tachycardia.

Frequency unknown: arrhythmia.

Vascular disorders

Rarely: hypotension.

Disorders of the respiratory system, organs of the piled cell and mediastinum

Infrequently: bronchospasm, shortness of breath, rhinitis.

Seldom: cough, rhinorrhea.

Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract

Infrequently: nausea.

Seldom: dysgeusia.

Violations of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

Rarely: dermatitis, rash, alopecia.

Disorders of the reproductive system and the breast

Seldom: decrease in a libido.

Mental disorders

Rarely: anxiety, insomnia, depression.

General disorders and reactions at the site of administration

Frequency unknown: asthenia.

Immune system disorders

With unknown frequency: hypersensitivity.

Other undesirable reactions were observed that may develop when using local beta-blockers (information about the frequency of development is absent):

Immune system disorders: systemic allergic reactions, including angioedema, urticaria, local and generalized rash, itching, anaphylactic reactions.

Metabolic and nutritional disorders: hypoglycemia.

Mental disorders: nightmares, memory loss, hallucinations, psychosis, confusion.

Nervous system disorders: cerebrovascular disorders, cerebral ischemia, exacerbation of signs and symptoms of myasthenia gravis, paresthesia.

Violations on the part of the organ of vision: detachment of the choroid after fistulatory anti-glaucoma operations, corneal erosion, ptosis, diplopia.

Cardiac abnormalities: chest pain, palpitations, edema, chronic heart failure, atrioventricular block, cardiac arrest, heart failure, slowing atrioventricular conduction, or worsening the degree of blockade.

Vascular disorders: Raynaud's phenomenon, cooling and cyanosis of the hands and feet, aggravation of intermittent claudication.

Disorders of the respiratory system, organs of the chest and mediastinum: bronchospasm (mainly in patients with a history of bronchospastic diseases).

Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract: dyspepsia, diarrhea, dry mouth, abdominal pain, vomiting.

Violations of the skin and subcutaneous tissues: psoriasis rash or exacerbation of psoriasis.

Disorders of the musculoskeletal system: myalgia.

Violations of the genital and breast organs: sexual dysfunction, impotence.

General disorders and reactions at the injection site: fatigue.

Contraindications

- Hypersensitivity to betaxolol and other components of the drug;

- bradycardia;

- atrioventricular block II and III degree, uncontrolled by an artificial pacemaker;

- Sick sinus syndrome;

- sinoatrial block;

- cardiogenic shock;

- decompensated chronic heart failure;

- reactive diseases of the respiratory tract, including severe bronchial asthma (including in history);

- Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Carefully:

Patients using β1-adrenergic blocking agents and (eye drops) should be treated under regular medical supervision due to the risk of a total potential effect on intraocular pressure and the appearance of undesirable systemic effects.

Despite the mild general effect of betaxolol (in the form of eye drops) on the body, care should be taken when prescribing it to patients with thyrotoxicosis and diabetes mellitus (especially unstable), since the drug can mask the manifestations of hypoglycemia.

Before surgery using general anesthesia, the drug should be gradually discontinued, since the drug can change the patient's response to the use of general anesthetics.

Drug interactions

Special studies of the interaction of betaxolol with other drugs has not been conducted.

In patients receiving and simultaneously taking orally other beta-blockers, the risk of unwanted reactions (both systemic and local) may be higher due to the possible additive effect.Such patients should be under close medical supervision.

With the simultaneous appointment of beta-blockers for local ophthalmic use with oral forms of slow calcium channel blockers, beta-blockers, antiarrhythmic drugs (including), cardiac glycosides, parasympathomimetics, guanethidine, and catecholamine-depleting drugs, by using the same catecholamine cells, by using heart control glycosides, para-sympathomimetics, manganidine, and catecholamine-depleting catecholamines. effects such as lowering blood pressure and severe bradycardia. There were cases of the development of mydriasis with simultaneous use of beta-blockers and epinephrine.

With the simultaneous appointment of betaxolol with muscle relaxants and hypoglycemic agents, an increase in the action of the latter may be observed.

Beta-blockers can reduce the effect of adrenaline used to relieve anaphylactic reactions. It should be used with extreme caution in patients with atopy or anaphylaxis in history.

When combined with sympathomimetics - enhancing their vasoconstrictive affect.

Caution must be exercised in the combined use of betaxolol and adrenergic psychotropic drugs due to a possible increase in their action.

If necessary, it can be used in combination with other local ophthalmologic preparations, in this case the interval between their use should be at least 10 minutes.

Pregnancy and Lactation

Special instructions

Overdosage

Studies and clinical trials of Betaxolol (Click to expand)