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Chloramphenicol

Tver Pharmaceutical Factory
1246 Items
2019-09-19
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Clinical Pharmacology

Levomycetin - a broad-spectrum antibiotic with high antibacterial activity against the causative agent of wound infection and various forms of purulent-inflammatory processes. Chloramphenicol is a bacteriostatic antibiotic that disrupts the protein synthesis process in the microbial cell (with good lipophilicity, penetrates the bacterial cell membrane and binds back to the 5OS subunit of bacterial ribosomes, which delayed the movement of amino acids to growing peptide chains, which leads to disruption of protein synthesis). It is active against most strains of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms resistant to penicillin, tetracyclines, sulfanilamides. Promotes cleansing and healing of burn wounds and trophic ulcers, accelerates epithelization.

Indications

Bacterial skin infections caused by susceptible microorganisms, incl. infected burns (superficial and delimited deep), pressure sores, trophic ulcers, wounds, boils.

Composition

Active substance: chloramphenicol.

Excipients: ethyl alcohol 70% to 100 ml.

Chloramphenicol is marketed under different brands and generic names, and comes in different dosage forms:

Brand nameManufacturerCountryDosage form
Tver Pharmaceutical Factory Russia vials
Synthomycin liniment Nizhpharm Russia liniment
Sintomitsin Dalkhimpharm Russia suppositories
Levomycetin alcohol solution solution
Levomitsetinin drops Tula pharmaceutical factory Russia vials
Levomitsetinin drops Lecco Russia eye drops

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Chloramphenicol

Dosage and Administration

The drug is intended for oral administration. A tablet of chloramphenicol should be swallowed whole, without chewing or crushing, drinking plenty of liquid. Recommended to be taken 30 minutes before meals. Patients who develop nausea on this drug should take the tablet 60 minutes after eating. The drug should be taken at regular intervals. The duration of the course of treatment and the dose is determined by the attending physician individually for each patient. Adults are usually prescribed 250-500 mg of the drug 3-4 times a day. Adults with severe infectious diseases are usually prescribed 500-1000 mg of the drug 3-4 times a day. The use of Levomycetin at a dose of 1000mg 4 times a day is possible only in a hospital with constant monitoring of liver, kidney and blood counts. The maximum daily dose for adults is 4000 mg. Children aged 3 to 8 years are usually prescribed 125 mg of the drug 3-4 times a day. Children and adolescents aged 8 to 16 are usually prescribed 250 mg of Levomycetin 3-4 times a day. The duration of the course of treatment is usually 1-1.5 weeks. With good tolerance of the drug and the absence of side effects from the hematopoietic system, the duration of the course of treatment can be increased to 2 weeks.

adverse effects

Due to its high toxicity, it is not recommended to use it unnecessarily for the treatment and prevention of banal infections, colds, flu, pharyngitis, and bacterial carriers. Severe complications from the hematopoietic system, as a rule, are associated with the use of large doses (more than 4 g / day) for a long time. In the course of treatment, systematic monitoring of the peripheral blood picture is necessary. In the fetus and newborns, the liver is not sufficiently developed to bind chloramphenicol, and the drug can accumulate in a toxic concentration and lead to the development of "gray syndrome", therefore, the drug is prescribed to children in the first months of life only for health reasons. It is prescribed with caution to patients who have previously received treatment with cytostatic drugs or radiation therapy.

Adverse effects

From the digestive tract: dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, irritation of the mucous membrane of the mouth and throat, dysbiosis. From the side of the cardiovascular system and blood (hematopoiesis, hemostasis): leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, reticulocytopenia, hypoglobinemia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia. From the nervous system and sensory organs: psychomotor disorders, depression, impaired consciousness, delirium, optic neuritis, visual and auditory hallucinations, taste disturbances, decreased hearing and visual acuity, headache. Allergic reactions: skin rash, urticaria, angioedema. Others: dermatitis, secondary fungal infection, cardiovascular collapse (in children under 1 year of age). When applied to the skin and conjunctival application: local allergic reactions.
  • Brand name: Levomitsetinin drops
  • Active ingredient: Chloramphenicol
  • Dosage form: Solution for external use
  • Manufacturer: Tver Pharmaceutical Factory
  • Country of Origin: Russia

Studies and clinical trials of Chloramphenicol (Click to expand)

  1. Purification and crystallization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
  2. Bilateral empyema and pneumonia due to chloramphenicol-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b
  3. EFFECT OF PHENOBARBITAL, 3-METHYLCHOLANTHRENE, AND CHLORAMPHENICOL PRETREATMENT ON THE PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF AZOSEMIDE IN RATS
  4. Pharmacokinetic changes of M1, M2, M3 and M4 after intravenous administration of a new anthracycline, DA-125, to rats pretreated with phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene, chloramphenicol, or SKF-525A
  5. Leukemic cellular thrombi in pulmonary blood vessels. Subleukemic myelogenous leukemia following chloramphenicol-induced aplastic anemia
  6. Topical chloramphenicol and the risk of acute leukaemia in adults
  7. Selective inhibition by chloramphenicol of ACTH-induced reorganization of inner mitochondrial membranes in fetal adrenal cortical cells in tissue cultures
  8. Investigations on the turnover of adrenocortical mitochondria. X. A correlated biochemical and stereological study of the effects of Chronic treatment with chloramphenicol on the mitochondria of the rat zona fasciculata
  9. Differential in vitro sensitivity of marrow erythroid and granulocytic colony forming cells to chloramphenicol
  10. Effect of chloramphenicol on colony formation from erythrocytic precursors
  11. Mitochondrial metabolism in normal, myeloid, and erythroid hyperplastic rabbit bone marrow: Effect of chloramphenicol
  12. Aplastic anemia associated with intravenous chloramphenicol
  13. DNA damage induced by chloramphenicol and its nitroso derivative: Damage in intact cells
  14. DNA damage in intact cells induced by bacterial metabolites of chloramphenicol
  15. Chloramphenicol-induced phenytoin intoxication
  16. Versuche zur Synthese von Chloromycetin (Chloramphenicol) I. Mitteilung
  17. Untersuchungen über den Austausch der Diazoniumgruppe gegen die Nitrogruppe zur Darstellung von p-Nitroacetophenon 3. Mitteilung über Versuche zur Synthese von Chloromycetin (Chloramphenicol)
  18. Die quantitativ-maßanalytische Bestimmung des Antibiotikums Chloramphenicol durch die Bestimmung des mit Natronlauge abspaltbaren Chlors
  19. Die Antibiotika. Herausgegeben von R. Brunner, Wien, und G. Machek, Innsbruck, unter Mitarbeit von 15 Wissenschaftlern. Band I — Die großen Antibiotica. 1. Teil — Allgemeiner Teil, Penicillin (620 Seiten), 2. Teil — Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline (664 Seiten). Verlag Hans Carl, Nürnberg 1962; Preis (Ganzleinen) beide Teile zusammen DM 149,—
  20. IR-Spektroskopische Gehalts-, Reinheits- und Stabilitätsprüfung von Chloramphenicol. 4. Mitt. über infrarotspektroskopische Untersuchung von Arzneistoffen
  21. Mass Spectral and Antimicrobial Studies of the Benzofuran Analog of Chloramphenicol
  22. Age-related differences in ophthalmic drug disposition II: Drug-protein interactions of pilocarpine and chloramphenicol
  23. Flow-injection chemiluminescence method for the determination of chloramphenicol based on luminol–sodium periodate order-transform second-chemiluminescence reaction
  24. Chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) for the determination of chloramphenicol residues in aquatic tissues

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