Echinacea
Sandoz
1380 Items
2019-09-19
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Clinical Pharmacology
Immunal - immunostimulating drug.
Echinacea contains active substances that, as non-specific stimulants, increase the body’s resistance. By increasing the number of white blood cells (granulocytes, T-lymphocytes) and stimulating their phagocytosis ability, they prevent the penetration of microorganisms into the body and accelerate their destruction. The antiviral effect of Echinacea purpurea on influenza and herpes viruses, its effect on the increase in body temperature, has also been proven.
Indications
- to stimulate immunity with uncomplicated acute infectious diseases and with a predisposition to frequent colds;
- prevention of SARS and flu;
- as an aid in long-term antibiotic treatment of chronic infectious diseases, accompanied by a decrease in immunity.
Composition
100 ml of the solution contains 80 ml of juice obtained from freshly harvested Echinacea purpurea herb (Echinacea purpurea L.);
other ingredients: 20% ethanol, sorbitol;
Echinacea is marketed under different brands and generic names, and comes in different dosage forms:
| Brand name | Manufacturer | Country | Dosage form |
|---|---|---|---|
| Immunal | Sandoz | Switzerland | drops |
| Ekhinatsin liquidum | Madus | Germany | vials |
| Echinacea | Blooming Sally | Russia | Other |
| Dr. Theiss Echinacea | Dr. Theiss Naturvaren GmbH | Germany | solution |
| Echinacea | Blooming Sally | Russia | tea bags |
| Echinacea-Vilar | Pharmacentre VILAR ZAO | Russia | Other |
| Immunorm-Teva | Teva | Israel | pills |
| Immunal | Sandoz | Switzerland | pills |
| Echinacea | Herkel B.V | Netherlands | lozenges |
| Dr. Theiss Echinacea | Dr. Theiss Naturvaren GmbH | Germany | tincture |
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Dosage and Administration
The drug in the form of drops for oral administration is prescribed. adults and teens over 12 years old 2.5 ml 3 times / day;children aged 6 to 12 years - 1.5 ml 3 times / day;children aged 1 to 6 years - 1 ml 3 times / day.
To achieve the clinical effect Immunal should be taken at least 1 week.
The duration of one course of treatment should not exceed 8 weeks.
To facilitate proper dosing of drops for ingestion, a graduated dosing pipette has been inserted into each package. Before taking the required number of drops should be diluted in a small amount of water.
Adverse reactions
In some cases possible development of hypersensitivity reactions: skin rash, itching, dizziness, bronchospasm, angioedema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, anaphylactic shock, lowering blood pressure, shortness of breath.
Other: leukopenia (with continuous use for more than 8 weeks).
Contraindications
The use of the drug is contraindicated in case of progressive systemic diseases, including:
- tuberculosis;
- leukemia;
- collagenosis;
- multiple sclerosis;
- HIV infection, AIDS;
- Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug and to the plants of the Compositae family.
Drug interactions
Drops for oral administration contain alcohol, and therefore the drug may enhance or alter the effect of other drugs.
Clinically significant drug interactions were noted with the simultaneous use of Immunal by the antibiotics of the cephalosporins group (cefemandol, cefotetan, cefmenoxime, cefaperzone, moxalactam) and ethanol (even in small quantities). The patient's reaction was characterized by redness of the face, nausea, increased sweating, headache, palpitations. In this regard, Immunal should not be used in the treatment of patients with the above antibiotics. Reception of Immunal is possible only 3 days after the end of the course of treatment with the indicated cephalosporins.
Pregnancy and Lactation
The patient should be warned that it is not recommended to use Immunal during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding) without prior consultation with a doctor.
Special instructions
When storing droplets, the solution may cloud or flocculent sludge consisting of active polysaccharides. Shake vial thoroughly before use.
Overdosage
Symptoms of intoxication due to overdose of the drug is not marked.
- Brand name: Immunal
- Active ingredient: Echinacea purple grass juice
- Dosage form: Immunal drops for oral administration transparent to cloudy, brown; sludge may form during storage.
- Manufacturer: Sandoz
- Country of Origin: Switzerland
Studies and clinical trials of Echinacea (Click to expand)
- Cytokine production in leukocyte cultures during therapy with echinacea extract
- Experimental evaluation of protective activity of Echinacea pallida against cisplatin toxicity
- Effect of handling and storage on alkylamides and cichoric acid in Echinacea purpurea
- A quantitative HPLC method for the quality assurance of Echinacea Products on the North American market
- A Convenient Synthesis of the Echinacea-Derived Immunostimulator and HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitor (−)-(2R,3R)-Chicoric Acid
- Separation of alkamides from Echinacea purpurea extracts by cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography
- Simultaneous analysis of the lipophilic and hydrophilic markers of Echinacea plant extracts by capillary electrophoresis
- Severe thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) induced or exacerbated by the immunostimulatory herb Echinacea
- Membrane Processing of Echinacea purpurea Herb Juice Extract
- Proliferative Activity of Echinacea angustifolia Root Extracts on Cancer Cells: Interference with Doxorubicin Cytotoxicity
- Polyacetylenverbindungen, CXII. Über die Inhaltsstoffe aus Echinacea-Arten
- Synthesis and Cannabinoid Receptor Activity of Ketoalkenes from Echinacea pallida and Nonnatural Analogues
- Synthesis of N-(2-Methylpropyl)-2E-undecene-8,10-diynamide, a Novel Constituent of Echinacea angustifolia.
- Phytochemicals from Echinacea and Hypericum: A Direct Synthesis of Isoligularone.
- Significance of changed climatic factors on essential oil composition of Echinacea purpurea under subtropical conditions
- Volatile constituents of the flowerheads of three Echinacea species cultivated in Iran
- Isolierung und Konstitution des Echinacosids, eines Glykosids aus den Wurzeln von Echinacea angustifolia D. C. 6. Mitteilung über antibakterielle Stoffe
- Structure and Stereochemistry of New Sesquiterpene Esters from Echinacea purpurea (L.) MOENCH. (Preliminary communication)
- Effects of phenytoin and Echinacea purpurea extract on proliferation and apoptosis of mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells
- Cichoric acid production from hairy root cultures of Echinacea purpurea grown in a modified airlift bioreactor
- Cultivation of Echinacea and Belladonna
- Phytochemical notes No. 94. Oil of Echinacea angustifolia
- Using RAPD markers to predict polyphenol content in aerial parts of Echinacea purpurea plants
- Recovery evaluation of lipophilic markers from Echinacea purpurea roots applying microwave-assisted solvent extraction versus conventional methods
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