L-Carnitine
E-Pharma Trento
1765 Items
2019-09-19
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Clinical Pharmacology
Carnitine is a vitamin-like substance that performs a number of important functions in the body. Its most important function is active participation in cellular energy exchange.
L-carnitine delivers fats in the form of long-chain fatty acids into special intracellular structures - mitochondria, where they are converted into ATP in the process of β - oxidation - a universal source of energy for all processes in the body.
Carnitine in its natural form (L-carnitine) is present in many human organs and tissues, dominating in those of them where the production of large amounts of energy is necessary for normal functioning (muscles, heart, brain, liver, kidneys).
L-carnitine is partially synthesized in the body, and partially comes from food (mainly with red meat). The need for L-carnitine is individual and amounts to 500 mg per day for an adult. With increased physical and psycho-emotional stress, unbalanced nutrition, diets, the need for L-carnitine increases significantly and its insufficiency may occur. With a lack of L-carnitine, the energy supply of cells decreases, and an excess of fat begins to accumulate in the subcutaneous fatty tissue and in organs. Lack of L-carnitine in the body can manifest weakness, apathy, decreased activity of immune cells. In this case, an additional source of L-carnitine is needed.
Composition
L-carnitine, food flavor lemon, anhydrous citric acid, sodium anhydrous carbonate, anhydrous silica, potassium acesulfame.
L-Carnitine is marketed under different brands and generic names, and comes in different dosage forms:
| Brand name | Manufacturer | Country | Dosage form |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elkar | E-Pharma Trento | Italy | granules |
| Arneby L-carnitine | Nutrilo | Germany | capsules |
| L-carnitine | Solgar | USA | bottle |
| L-carnitine | Adipharm | Bulgaria | capsules |
| L-carnitine | Olifen corporation | Russia | bottle |
| Elkar | Piq-Pharma | Russia | solution |
| Elkar | Ellara | Russia | ampoules |
| Carnitine oral solution | Sigma tau | Italy | vials |
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Dosage and Administration
The drug is used as part of complex therapy. Inside for 30 minutes before eating, further diluting with liquid.
With prolonged physical and psycho-emotional stress: from 0.75 g (1/2 measuring spoon or 2.5 ml) 3 times a day to 2.25 g (1.5 measuring spoons or 7.5 ml) 2-3 times a day.
In anorexia nervosa, as well as during the period of rehabilitation after past illnesses and surgical interventions and injuries: on 1,5 g (1 measured spoon or 5 ml) 2 times a day. The course of treatment is within 1-2 months.
In the complex therapy of chronic gastritis and chronic pancreatitis with reduced secretory function: 0.375 g (1/4 scoop or 1.25 ml) 2 times a day. The course of treatment is within 1-1.5 months.
For the treatment of skin diseases: 0.75 g (1/2 scoop or 2.5 ml). The course of treatment is within 2-4 weeks.
In mild hyperthyroidism: 0.25 g (13 drops) 2-3 times a day. The course of treatment is 20 days. The course of treatment is repeated after a 1-2 month break or is prescribed for 3 months without a break.
With vascular, toxic and traumatic brain lesions: 0.75 g (1/2 scoop or 2.5 ml) per day. The course of treatment is within 3-5 days. If necessary, after 12-14 days appoint a second course.
For diseases accompanied by a lack of carnitine (primary and secondary carnitine deficiency): up to 50-100 mg / kg (2-5 drops / kg) of body weight with a frequency of taking 2-3 times a day. The course of treatment is within 3-4 months.
Children are prescribed as an additive to sweet dishes (jelly, fruit juice, juices): children up to 3 years, the dose is determined by the attending physician; from 3 to 6 years - in a single dose of 0.1 g (5 drops) 2-3 times a day, in a daily dose of 0.2-0.3 g (11-16 drops). The course of treatment is 1 month; children from 6 to 12 years old are prescribed in a single dose of 0.2-0.3 g (11-16 drops) 2-3 times a day, in a daily dose of 0.4-0.9 g (22-48 drops). The course of treatment is at least 1 month.
With stunted growth: 0.25 g (13 drops) 2-3 times a day. The course of treatment is 20 days. The course of treatment is repeated after a 1-2 month break or is prescribed for 3 months without a break.
In sports medicine and with intense workouts: 2.5 g 1-3 times a day (daily dose of 2.5-7.5 g). In the case of use for therapeutic purposes - 70-100 mg / kg / day (5-7.5 g / day). Reception courses: 3-4 weeks in the precompetitive period. During the training process - up to 6-8 weeks.
Adverse reactions
Possible: allergic reactions, gastralgia, dyspepsia, myasthenia gravis (in patients with uremia).
Contraindications
Individual intolerance.
Drug interactions
Glucocorticosteroids contribute to the accumulation of the drug in tissues (except the liver), other anabolics enhance the effect.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Use during pregnancy is contraindicated due to lack of research. It is necessary to stop breastfeeding during the period of use of the drug.
Special instructions
Treatment of children under the age of 3 years to exercise under the supervision of a physician.
Influence on ability to drive motor transport and control mechanisms: the drug does not affect the performance of potentially hazardous activities that require special attention and quick reactions (driving and other vehicles, working with moving machinery, the work of the dispatcher and operator, etc.)
Overdosage
Symptoms: dyspeptic disorders, myasthenic disorders (in patients with uremia).
Treatment: gastric lavage, reception of Activated charcoal.
- Brand name: Carnicetin
- Active ingredient: L-carnitine
- Country of Origin: Germany
- First prenatal diagnosis of the carnitine transporter defect
- Quantitation of L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine, propionyl-L-carnitine and their deuterated analogues by high-performance liquid chromotography tandem mass spectrometry
- Dietary carnitine supplements slow disease progression in a putative mouse model for hereditary ceroid-lipofuscinosis
- Changes in skeletal muscle histology and metabolism in patients undergoing exercise deconditioning: Effect of propionyl-L-carnitine
- Analysis of organic acids, amino acids, and carnitine in dogs with lipid storage myopathy
- Effects of a low-dose L-carnitine supplement on an adult patient with mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency
- Molecular analysis in spanish patients with muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency
- Biochemical and molecular correlations in carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency
- Cancer and anticancer therapy-induced modifications on metabolism mediated by carnitine system
- Two CPT2 mutations in three Japanese patients with carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency: Functional analysis and association with polymorphic haplotypes and two clinical phenotypes
- Novel mutations associated with carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency
- Two novel missense mutations of the OCTN2 gene (W283R and V446F) in a patient with primary systemic carnitine deficiency
- A missense mutation in the OCTN2 gene associated with residual carnitine transport activity
- Carnitine levels in patients with skeletal myopathy due to anorexia nervosa before and after refeeding
- Physiological mechanism-based analysis of dose-dependent gastrointestinal absorption of L-carnitine in rats
- Investigation of the effect of theophylline administration on total, free, short-chain acyl and long-chain acyl carnitine distributions in rat renal tissues
- Synthesis of [methyl-14C]crotonobetaine from DL-[methyl-14C]carnitine
- Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of boar seminal plasma. Problems encountered in the identification of small molecules: hypotaurine and carnitine
- Transport of carnitine in RBE4 cells - an in vitro model of blood-brain barrier
- Carnitine: An osmolyte that plays a metabolic role
- Identification of novel mutations in Spanish patients with muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency
- Functional analysis of mutations in the OCTN2 transporter causing primary carnitine deficiency: Lack of genotype–phenotype correlation
- Abnormal plasma carnitine derivatives reflecting an altered metabolic state in anorexic women at rest and following maximal effort treadmill exercise
- Synthesis of Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate by Agrobacterium radiobacter after Growth on D-Carnitine
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