Mannitol
Escom NPK
1011 Items
2019-09-19
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Clinical Pharmacology
Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic. The theoretical osmolarity is 1132 mosm / l. By increasing the osmotic pressure of the plasma and filtering without subsequent tubular reabsorption leads to retention of water in the tubules and an increase in urine volume. Increasing the osmolarity of blood plasma, causes the movement of fluid from the tissues (in particular, the eyeball, brain) into the bloodstream. Does not affect glomerular filtration. Diuresis is accompanied by a moderate increase in natriuresis without a significant effect on the excretion of potassium ions. The diuretic effect is higher, the greater the dose.
Not effective in violation of the filtration function of the kidneys, as well as in azotemia in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and ascites. Causes an increase in circulating blood volume.
Indications
- swelling of the brain;
- intracranial hypertension (with renal or renal-hepatic failure);
- oliguria in acute renal or renal-hepatic failure with preserved renal filtration capacity (as part of combination therapy);
- post-transfusion complications after the introduction of incompatible blood;
- forced diuresis in case of poisoning with barbiturates and salicylates;
- for the prevention of hemolysis in operations with extracorporeal circulation to prevent renal ischemia and related acute renal failure.
Composition
Active ingredient: mannitol - 150 g;
Excipients: sodium chloride - 9 g, water for injection - up to 1 l.
Mannitol is marketed under different brands and generic names, and comes in different dosage forms:
| Brand name | Manufacturer | Country | Dosage form |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mannitol | Escom NPK | Russia | solution |
| Mannitol | Kraspharma | Russia | solution |
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Dosage and Administration
Intravenous, slow jet or drip.
The prophylactic dose is 0.5 g / kg, therapeutic - 1–1.5 g / kg; daily dose should not exceed 140-180 g.
Before the introduction of the drug should be heated to a temperature of 37 ° C (can be in a water bath).
During operations with artificial blood circulation, the drug is injected into the device at a dose of 20–40 g immediately before the start of perfusion.
Patients with oliguria should be previously introduced into / into the drip test dose (200 mg / kg) for 3-5 min. If after this there is no increase in the rate of diuresis to 30–50 ml / h for 2–3 h, then it is necessary to refrain from further administration of the drug.
Adverse reactions
Dehydration (dry skin, dyspepsia, myasthenia, seizures, dry mouth, thirst, hallucinations, lower blood pressure), impaired water and electrolyte metabolism (increased BCC, hyponatremia; rarely - hyperkalemia).
Rarely - tachycardia, chest pain, thrombophlebitis, skin rash.
Contraindications
Carefully: pregnancy, lactation, old age.
Drug interactions
Perhaps the increased toxic effects of cardiac glycosides (associated with hypokalemia).
Pregnancy and Lactation
During pregnancy and lactation, use the drug only in cases where the intended benefit to the mother exceeds the possible risk to the fetus or infant.
Special instructions
For left ventricular insufficiency (due to the risk of pulmonary edema), mannitol should be combined with fast-acting loop diuretics. Control of blood pressure, diuresis, electrolyte concentration in serum (sodium, potassium ions) is necessary.
If a headache, vomiting, dizziness, visual impairment appears during the administration of the drug, the administration should be stopped and the development of such complications as subdural and subarachnoid bleeding should be excluded.
It can be used in heart failure (only in combination with loop diuretics) and hypertensive crisis with encephalopathy. Re-introduction of Mannit should be under the control of indicators of water and electrolyte balance of blood.
Possible cases of crystallization of the drug during storage (at temperatures below 20 ° C). In the case of crystallization, the bottle is heated to 50–70 ° C until the sediment is dissolved. Used after cooling to body temperature, if the crystals do not fall out again.
- Brand name: Mannitol
- Active ingredient: Mannitol
- Dosage form: Infusion Solution
- Manufacturer: Escom NPK
- Country of Origin: Russia
Studies and clinical trials of Mannitol (Click to expand)
- Comparison of urological irrigating fluids containing glycine and mannitol in volunteers
- Inhaled mannitol identifies methacholine-responsive children with active asthma
- Synthesis of (1→6)-2,5-anhydro-D-glucitol through cyclopolymerization of 3,4-di-O-allyl-1,2 : 5,6-dianhydro-D-mannitol and optical resolution ability of its derivative in HPLC
- On the inhibition of hepatic glycogenolysis by fructose. A 31P-NMR study in perfused rat liver using the fructose analogue 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol
- Energy/temperature diagram and compression behavior of the polymorphs of D-mannitol
- High dose Cis-platinum diammine dichloride. Amelioration of renal toxicity by mannitol diuresis
- Novel Monodentate Phosphoramidites By Chiral Pool Synthesis Starting from D-Mannitol, and Their PdII and RhI Complexes
- Chiral Mono- and Bidentate Ligands Derived from D-Mannitol and Their Application in Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation Reactions
- Molecular-Dynamics Studies of Single-Stranded Hexitol, Altritol, Mannitol, and Ribose Nucleic Acids (HNA, MNA, ANA, and RNA, Resp.) and of the Stability of HNA⋅RNA, ANA⋅RNA, and MNA⋅RNA Duplexes
- Kinetics and Mechanism of the Reduction of Chromium(VI) and Chromium(V) by D-Glucitol and D-Mannitol
- Cellular properties of human erythrocytes preserved in saline–adenine–glucose–mannitol in the presence of L-carnitine
- Acute improvement in exacerbating multiple sclerosis produced by intraenous administration of mannitol
- Opening the blood–brain and blood–tumor barriers in experimental rat brain tumors: The effect of intracarotid hyperosmolar mannitol on capillary permeability and blood flow
- Optically Active Glycerol Derivatives from 1,3(R) : 4,6(R)-Di-O-benzylidene-D-mannitol— The First Structural Analogues of Moenomycin A
- Effect of different inhibitors on the intracellularly and extracellularly generated chemiluminescence induced by formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Cellular response in the presence of mannitol, benzoate, taurine, indomethacin and NDGA
- Metabolic engineering of Lactobacillus fermentum for production of mannitol and pure L-lactic acid or pyruvate
- Production of mannitol and lactic acid by fermentation with Lactobacillus intermedius NRRL B-3693
- Mannitol-Guided delivery of ciprofloxacin in artificial cystic fibrosis mucus model
- Biosynthesis of D-mannitol from D-glucose by Aspergillus candidus
- Microbial production of D-mannitol and D-fructose from glycerol
- Modification of the physiological disturbances produced by whole gut irrigation by preliminary mannitol administration
- Influence of oral mannitol bowel preparation on colonic microflora and the risk of explosion during endoscopic diathermy
- Randiomized controlled tirla of the effect of mannitol in renal reperfusion injury during aortic aneryusm surgery
- Mannitol prevents methionine sulphoxidation mediated electrophoretic heterogeneity of apolipoprotein A-I
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