Protamine Sulfate
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Clinical Pharmacology
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Dosage and Administration
A solution of protamine sulfate is injected slowly intravenously by jet or drip. The rate of administration should not exceed 5 mg per minute (for example, 50 mg of the drug should be administered within 10 minutes), since a faster administration may cause an anaphylactoid reaction. The dose of the drug depends on the route of administration of heparin. The calculated dose is dissolved in 300-500 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Do not administer more than 150 mg protamine sulfate in 1 hour.
1. With bolus injections of heparin, the dose of protamine sulfate decreases depending on the time elapsed from the administration of heparin, since the latter is continuously removed from the body.
Time elapsed after heparin injection Dose of protamine sulfate per 100 IU of heparin
15-30 minutes 1-1.5 mg
30-60 minutes 0.5-0.75 mg
Over 2 hours 0.25-0.375 mg
2. If heparin was injected intravenously, it is necessary to stop its infusion and inject 25-30 mg of protamine sulfate.
3. For subcutaneous injections of heparin, the dose of protamine sulfate is 1 - 1.5 mg for every 100 IU of heparin. The first 25-50 mg of protamine sulfate should be administered intravenously slowly, and the remaining dose should be administered intravenously over 8-16 hours. Perhaps fractional introduction of protamine sulfate, which requires control of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). For example, if 20,000 IU of heparin is injected subcutaneously, after 2 hours, heparin is resorbed from complexes with protamine at 3333 IU of heparin, therefore the next dose of protamine sulfate is 33 mg.
4. In the case of using extracorporeal circulation during surgery, the dose of protamine sulfate is 1.5 mg for every 100 IU of heparin. When determining the dose of protamine, it is necessary to take into account the route of administration of heparin.
- A demonstration of androgen and estrogen receptors in a human breast cancer using a new protamine sulfate assay
- Vacuolation in normal mast cells and in mast cells treated with protamine sulfate
- The safety of protamine sulfate in diabetics undergoing cardiac catheterization
- Protamine sulfate and nph insulin
- Complement activation from protamine sulfate administration after coronary angiography
- Ferumoxides–protamine sulfate is more effective than ferucarbotran for cell labeling: implications for clinically applicable cell tracking using MRI
- Protamine sulfate inhibits mitogenic activities of the extracellular matrix and fibroblast growth factor, but potentiates that of epidermal growth factor
- Light-scattering investigation of protamine sulfate
- Comparative neutralization of lung-and mucosal-derived heparin by protamine sulfate using in vitro and in vivo methods
- Expression of transferrin receptor and ferritin following ferumoxides–protamine sulfate labeling of cells: implications for cellular magnetic resonance imaging
- Labeling of cells with ferumoxides–protamine sulfate complexes does not inhibit function or differentiation capacity of hematopoietic or mesenchymal stem cells
- Protamine sulfate precipitation: A new assay for the Ah receptor
- Protamine sulfate/poly(l-aspartic acid) polyionic complexes self-assembled via electrostatic attractions for combined delivery of drug and gene
- Concentrations of Amino Acids in Extracellular Fluid After Opening of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Intracarotid Infusion of Protamine Sulfate
- Hydrogen/deuterium exchange on protein solutions containing nucleic acids: utility of protamine sulfate
- Effect of protamine sulfate on the permeability properties of the mammalian urinary bladder
- Leakage of blood-retinal barrier due to damaging effect of protamine sulfate on the endothelium
- Experimental potentiation of the hyperglycemic action of diabetogenic factor by protamine sulfate
- Protamine sulfate-induced enzyme secretion from rabbit neutrophils
- Potentiating action of protamine sulfate on nucleic acid induced, non-specific resistance
- Histamine release from rat mast cells induced by protamine sulfate and polyethylene imine
- Thrombocytopenia accompanying a reaction to protamine sulfate
- Protamine sulfate causes endothelium-indepen-dent vasorelaxation via inducible nitric oxide syn-thase pathway