Theophylline

Brand Krka dd Novo mesto AO

Dosage form

pills
capsules

Brand & Manufacturer

Package Size

200 mg, 40 pcs
350 mg, 40 pcs

$27.44

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Clinical Pharmacology

Theothard is a pure anhydrous theophylline (a derivative of xanthine) in the form of granules. Theophylline is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases accumulation of c-AMP in tissues, which reduces the contractile activity of smooth muscles. It has a pronounced bronchodilator effect, prevents or eliminates bronchial obstruction. Improving lung function can increase the supply of arterial blood with oxygen, which leads to a decrease in CO 2 concentration. It has a stimulating effect on the respiratory center, reduces pulmonary vascular resistance, lowers blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation. Improves mucociliary clearance. It has a positive inotropic and chronotropic effect on the heart. Stimulates diuresis. Expands blood vessels (mainly vessels of the brain, skin and kidneys). Inhibits platelet aggregation. After oral administration, Teotard is almost completely absorbed.

Slow release of the active ingredient from retard capsules of the Teotard preparation maintains a uniform level of theophylline in blood serum for 12 hours. Teothard's bronchodilator effect develops gradually, so the drug is not prescribed for relief of emergency conditions.

Indications

Treatment and prevention of reversible bronchial obstruction in:
- Bronchial asthma.
- Chronic obstructive bronchitis.
- Emphysema of the lungs.

Composition

1 capsule contains: theophylline 350 mg.

Excipients: Povidone, talc, copolymer of ammonia methacrylate, colloidal silicon dioxide, dibutyl phthalate.

Theophylline is marketed under different brands and generic names, and comes in different dosage forms:

Brand name	Manufacturer	Country	Dosage form
Teotard	Krka dd Novo mesto AO	Slovenia	capsules
Teopek	Binnopharm	Russia	pills

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Dosage and Administration

Capsules of the drug should not be opened or chewed. The dosage of the drug is individual. It is unacceptable to exceed the daily dose of 15 mg / kg in adults, 20 mg / kg in children. For the selection of the dose of the drug is necessary to determine the concentration of theophylline in the serum. As a rule, serum theophylline concentration from 10 to 15 mg / ml provides a therapeutic effect with minimal risk of side effects. If the concentration exceeds 20 mg / ml, the dose should be reduced.

During the first three days, take one retard capsule of the drug every 12 hours. On the third day, you should evaluate the effectiveness of therapy and tolerability of the drug. With insufficient efficacy, the dose may be increased. In case of undesirable side effects, the dose should be reduced.

TeoTard 350 mg is prescribed for adults and children whose body weight exceeds 40 kg. Morning and evening doses of the drug may be different depending on the time of occurrence of attacks of difficulty breathing, the clinical picture of the disease and the effectiveness of therapy.

Adverse reactions

On the part of the digestive system: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, gastroesophageal reflux, heartburn, exacerbation of peptic ulcer, with prolonged use, decreased appetite.
From the central and peripheral nervous system: dizziness, headache, agitation, anxiety, tremor, irritability, vertigo, insomnia.
Since the cardiovascular system: heartbeat, tachycardia (including the fetus when taking pregnant in the third trimester), arrhythmias, decreased blood pressure, cardialgia, an increase in the frequency of angina attacks.
Allergic reactions: skin rash, itching, fever.
Laboratory indicators: hypokalemia and / or hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia, albuminuria, hematuria.
Other: pain in the chest, tachypnea, a feeling of "tides" to the skin of the face, increased diuresis, increased sweating.
The incidence of side effects increases if the drug concentration in the serum exceeds 20 mcg / ml. Side effects are reduced by decreasing the dose of Teotard.

Contraindications

- Hypersensitivity to theophylline.
- Pregnancy.
- Lactation.
- Epilepsy.
- Acute myocardial infarction.
- Extrasystole.
- Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in the acute stage.
- Children's age up to 3 years.

Caution and dose reduction are needed:

- When severe violations of the liver and kidneys.
- In acute heart failure.

Drug interactions

Theophylline is not used in conjunction with other xanthine derivatives. In combination with phenobarbital, difenin, rifampicin, isoniazid, carbamazepine, sulfinpyrazone, phenytoin, there is a decrease in theophylline efficacy, which may require an increase in the used doses of the drug. With simultaneous use with macrolide antibiotics, lincomycin, allopurinol, cimetidine, isoprenaline, oral contraceptives, enoxacin and during vaccination against influenza, the intensity of action may increase, which may require a decrease in theophylline dose. The drug inhibits the therapeutic effects of lithium carbonate and beta-blockers. Theophylline potentiates the action of diuretics by increasing glomerular filtration and reducing tubular reabsorption. With caution, theophylline is prescribed simultaneously with anticoagulants.

Pregnancy and Lactation

Contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation.

Special instructions

In severe diseases of the cardiovascular system, liver, viral infections, as well as in elderly patients, the dose should be reduced.

Persons who have theophylline undergoes rapid metabolism (young people, smokers) a single dose of the drug per day will be insufficient.

Overdosage

Symptoms: overdose of the drug in individual patients can cause pain in the stomach, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, cardiac arrhythmia, tachycardia, lower blood pressure, increased angina attacks, insomnia, tremor, irritability, increased diuresis, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia. Possible skin rash, itching.
Treatment: in these cases, the dose must be reduced.