Oxymetazoline
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Clinical Pharmacology
Oxymetazoline belongs to the group of alpha-adrenomimetics for local use. The drug has a vasoconstrictor effect. With the introduction of intranasal reduces puffiness of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, which leads to the relief of nasal breathing and opening the mouths of the paranasal sinuses and Eustachian tubes. The effect of the drug appears 5 minutes after application and lasts for 8-12 hours.
Pharmacokinetics
When applied topically, oxymetazoline is practically not absorbed.
Indications
To eliminate edema before diagnostic manipulations in the nasal passages.
Composition
Active substance: Oxymetazoline hydrochloride
Oxymetazoline is marketed under different brands and generic names, and comes in different dosage forms:
Brand name | Manufacturer | Country | Dosage form |
---|---|---|---|
drops | |||
Rhinostop | Lecco | Russia | drops |
Oxyphrine | Grotex Ltd | Russia | drops |
Oxyphrine | Grotex Ltd | Russia | spray |
Sialor reno | PFK Obnovlenie | Russia | drops |
Nasol® | Bayer Pharma AG | Germany | spray |
Nazivin | Merck KGaA | Russia | spray |
Nazivin | Merck KGaA | Russia | drops |
Afrin | Bayer Pharma AG | Germany | spray |
Knoxpray | Sperko | Ukraine | spray |
Nesopin | Synthesis AKOMP | Russia | spray |
Nazivin | Ursapharm Artsnaymittel | Germany | spray |
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Dosage and Administration
Intranasal.
Children aged 1 to 6 years: 1 injection of oxyfrin, nasal spray dosage of 11.25 mcg / dose in each nostril 2-3 times a day. The drug is used for 5-7 days. The drug can be prescribed again only after a few days.
Adults and children over 6 years of age: 1 injection of oxyfrin, nasal spray 22.5 mcg / dose into each nostril 2-3 times a day.
If the symptoms worsen or the improvement does not occur within 3 days, you should consult with your doctor. In the recommended dose without consultation with the doctor to use no more than 7 days.
Doses above the recommended can only be used under the supervision of a physician.
With frequent and prolonged use of the drug, the feeling of nasal congestion may appear again or worsen. If these symptoms appear, you should stop treatment and consult a doctor.
Adverse reactions
Burning or dryness of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity, dryness of the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat; sneezing; an increase in the amount of secreted from the nose; nose bleed; after the effect of the drug is used, a feeling of nasal congestion (reactive hyperemia).
Side effects caused by systemic effects of the drug: increased blood pressure, headache, dizziness, feeling of heartbeat, tachycardia, anxiety, anxiety, fatigue, drowsiness, sedation, irritability, sleep disturbance (in children), nausea, insomnia, rash, visual disturbances (contact with eyes), hallucinations, angioedema, itching, convulsions, respiratory arrest (in infants).
Prolonged continuous use of vasoconstrictor drugs can lead to tachyphylaxis, atrophy of the nasal mucosa and recurrent edema of the nasal mucosa (rhinitis medication).
If any of the side effects indicated in the instruction are aggravated or you notice any other side effects not indicated in the instruction, inform your doctor.
Contraindications
Carefully
In patients suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular system (arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure, marked atherosclerosis, tachycardia, arrhythmias), impaired carbohydrate metabolism (diabetes), impaired thyroid function (hyperthyroidism), pheochromocytoma, chronic renal insufficiency , prostatic hyperplasia with clinical symptoms (urinary retention), increased intraocular pressure, porphyria, as well as in patients taking mon inhibitors oaminooxidase within the previous 2 weeks and within 2 weeks after their cancellation, tricyclic antidepressants, bromocriptine.
Pregnancy and Lactation
When used during pregnancy or breastfeeding, the recommended dose should not be exceeded. The drug can be used only in those cases where the potential benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus or child.
Special instructions
Avoid contact with eyes.
In order to avoid the spread of infection, it is necessary to use the drug individually.
Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and mechanisms
After long-term use of remedies for rhinitis containing oxymetazoline, in doses exceeding the recommended, it is impossible to exclude the overall effect on the cardiovascular system and the central nervous system. In these cases, care should be taken when driving and engaging in other potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration and psychomotor speed.
Overdosage
Symptoms: anxiety, anxiety, hallucinations, convulsions, decrease in body temperature, lethargy, drowsiness, coma, constriction or dilated pupils, fever, sweating, pallor, cyanosis, feeling of heartbeat, bradycardia, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, increased blood pressure, decreased arterial heart , nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, respiratory arrest.
Treatment: gastric lavage, taking activated charcoal (in case of accidental ingestion of the drug inside); symptomatic.
Interaction with other drugs
With simultaneous use with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (within the previous 2 weeks and within 2 weeks after their withdrawal), tricyclic antidepressants or other drugs that increase blood pressure, an increase in blood pressure may be observed.
The drug slows down the absorption of local anesthetic drugs, lengthens their action.
Co-administration of other vasoconstrictor drugs increases the risk of side effects.
- Brand name: Rhinostop Extra
- Active ingredient: Oxymetazoline
- Manufacturer: Lecco
Studies and clinical trials of Oxymetazoline (Click to expand)
- Flow-injection chemiluminescence method for the determination of naphazoline hydrochloride and oxymetazoline hydrochloride
- Identification and characterization of oxymetazoline glucuronidation in human liver microsomes: Evidence for the involvement of UGT1A9
- Qualitative and quantitative tests for oxymetazoline hydrochloride
- Flow injection analysis of oxymetazoline hydrochloride with inhibited chemiluminescent detection
- Simultaneous determination of triamcinolone acetonide and oxymetazoline hydrochloride in nasal spray formulations by HPLC
- The nasal airways response in normal subjects to oxymetazoline spray: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
- An α-Adrenergic Agonist: Protonated Oxymetazoline Hydrochloride Monohydrate
- Synthesis and identification of two potential oxidation degradants of oxymetazoline
- A comparison of cocaine vs lidocaine— oxymetazoline in nasal procedures
- A comparative analysis of the decongestive effect of oxymetazoline and xylometazoline in healthy subjects
- Effects of the nasal decongestant oxymetazoline on human olfactory and intranasal trigeminal function in acute rhinitis
- Evaluation of the dose-response relationship for intra-nasal oxymetazoline hydrochloride in normal adults
- Effects of oxymetazoline on isolated rat’s tracheal smooth muscle
- Oxymetazoline plus dexpanthenol in nasal congestion
- Rapid liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay for oxymetazoline in whole rat blood
- Topical vasoconstrictor (oxymetazoline) does not affect histamine-induced mucosal exudation of plasma in human nasal airways
- Alpha-adrenoceptor agonistic activity of oxymetazoline and xylometazoline
- Oxymetazoline modulates proinflammatory cytokines and the T-cell stimulatory capacity of dendritic cells
- Evidence for a non-adrenoceptor, imidazoline-mediated contractile response to oxymetazoline in the porcine isolated rectal artery
- Oxymetazoline nasal spray
- The Effects of Topical Agents of Fluticasone Propionate, Oxymetazoline, and 3% and 0.9% Sodium Chloride Solutions on Mucociliary Clearance in the Therapy of Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis In Vivo
- Oxymetazoline is Equivalent to Ciprofloxacin in Preventing Postoperative Otorrhea or Tympanostomy Tube Obstruction