Oxymetazoline

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Available since: 2019-09-19

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Clinical Pharmacology

Oxymetazoline belongs to the group of alpha-adrenomimetics for local use. The drug has a vasoconstrictor effect. With the introduction of intranasal reduces puffiness of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, which leads to the relief of nasal breathing and opening the mouths of the paranasal sinuses and Eustachian tubes. The effect of the drug appears 5 minutes after application and lasts for 8-12 hours.

Pharmacokinetics

When applied topically, oxymetazoline is practically not absorbed.

Indications

To eliminate edema before diagnostic manipulations in the nasal passages.

Composition

Active substance: Oxymetazoline hydrochloride

Oxymetazoline is marketed under different brands and generic names, and comes in different dosage forms:

Brand name	Manufacturer	Country	Dosage form
			drops
Rhinostop	Lecco	Russia	drops
Oxyphrine	Grotex Ltd	Russia	drops
Oxyphrine	Grotex Ltd	Russia	spray
Sialor reno	PFK Obnovlenie	Russia	drops
Nasol®	Bayer Pharma AG	Germany	spray
Nazivin	Merck KGaA	Russia	spray
Nazivin	Merck KGaA	Russia	drops
Afrin	Bayer Pharma AG	Germany	spray
Knoxpray	Sperko	Ukraine	spray
Nesopin	Synthesis AKOMP	Russia	spray
Nazivin	Ursapharm Artsnaymittel	Germany	spray

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Dosage and Administration

Intranasal.
Children aged 1 to 6 years: 1 injection of oxyfrin, nasal spray dosage of 11.25 mcg / dose in each nostril 2-3 times a day. The drug is used for 5-7 days. The drug can be prescribed again only after a few days.
Adults and children over 6 years of age: 1 injection of oxyfrin, nasal spray 22.5 mcg / dose into each nostril 2-3 times a day.
If the symptoms worsen or the improvement does not occur within 3 days, you should consult with your doctor. In the recommended dose without consultation with the doctor to use no more than 7 days.
Doses above the recommended can only be used under the supervision of a physician.
With frequent and prolonged use of the drug, the feeling of nasal congestion may appear again or worsen. If these symptoms appear, you should stop treatment and consult a doctor.

Adverse reactions

Burning or dryness of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity, dryness of the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat; sneezing; an increase in the amount of secreted from the nose; nose bleed; after the effect of the drug is used, a feeling of nasal congestion (reactive hyperemia).
Side effects caused by systemic effects of the drug: increased blood pressure, headache, dizziness, feeling of heartbeat, tachycardia, anxiety, anxiety, fatigue, drowsiness, sedation, irritability, sleep disturbance (in children), nausea, insomnia, rash, visual disturbances (contact with eyes), hallucinations, angioedema, itching, convulsions, respiratory arrest (in infants).
Prolonged continuous use of vasoconstrictor drugs can lead to tachyphylaxis, atrophy of the nasal mucosa and recurrent edema of the nasal mucosa (rhinitis medication).
If any of the side effects indicated in the instruction are aggravated or you notice any other side effects not indicated in the instruction, inform your doctor.

Contraindications

Carefully

In patients suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular system (arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure, marked atherosclerosis, tachycardia, arrhythmias), impaired carbohydrate metabolism (diabetes), impaired thyroid function (hyperthyroidism), pheochromocytoma, chronic renal insufficiency , prostatic hyperplasia with clinical symptoms (urinary retention), increased intraocular pressure, porphyria, as well as in patients taking mon inhibitors oaminooxidase within the previous 2 weeks and within 2 weeks after their cancellation, tricyclic antidepressants, bromocriptine.

Pregnancy and Lactation

When used during pregnancy or breastfeeding, the recommended dose should not be exceeded. The drug can be used only in those cases where the potential benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus or child.

Special instructions

Avoid contact with eyes.
In order to avoid the spread of infection, it is necessary to use the drug individually.
Impact on the ability to drive vehicles and mechanisms
After long-term use of remedies for rhinitis containing oxymetazoline, in doses exceeding the recommended, it is impossible to exclude the overall effect on the cardiovascular system and the central nervous system. In these cases, care should be taken when driving and engaging in other potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration and psychomotor speed.

Overdosage

Symptoms: anxiety, anxiety, hallucinations, convulsions, decrease in body temperature, lethargy, drowsiness, coma, constriction or dilated pupils, fever, sweating, pallor, cyanosis, feeling of heartbeat, bradycardia, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, increased blood pressure, decreased arterial heart , nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, respiratory arrest.
Treatment: gastric lavage, taking activated charcoal (in case of accidental ingestion of the drug inside); symptomatic.
Interaction with other drugs
With simultaneous use with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (within the previous 2 weeks and within 2 weeks after their withdrawal), tricyclic antidepressants or other drugs that increase blood pressure, an increase in blood pressure may be observed.
The drug slows down the absorption of local anesthetic drugs, lengthens their action.
Co-administration of other vasoconstrictor drugs increases the risk of side effects.