Thioctic acid
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Clinical Pharmacology
Thioctic acid (alpha-lipoic acid) - an endogenous antioxidant (binds free radicals), is formed in the body during the oxidative decarboxylation of alpha keto acids. As a coenzyme, mitochondrial multienzyme complexes are involved in the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid and alpha-keto acids.
By the nature of the biochemical action is similar to the B vitamins. It has a hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic effect. Helps reduce blood glucose and increase glycogen content in the liver, as well as reduce insulin resistance.
Participates in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, stimulates the exchange of cholesterol, improves liver function. Improves trophism of neurons. The use of the megoulamine salt of thioctic acid (which has a neutral reaction) makes it possible to reduce the severity of side reactions.
Pharmacokinetics
The time to reach maximum concentration is 10-11 minutes. The area under the concentration-time curve is about 5 μg × h / ml.
Bioavailability - 30%. It has the effect of "first pass" through the liver. Metabolized in the liver by side chain oxidation and conjugation. The volume of distribution is about 450 ml / kg. Total plasma clearance - 10-15 ml / min. Thioctic acid and its metabolites are excreted by the kidneys (80-90%). The half-life is 20-50 minutes.
Indications
Diabetic and alcoholic neuropathy.
Composition
1 ml of solution contains:
Active substance: thioctic acid (alpha lipoic acid) 12.00 mg;
Excipients: meglumine (N-methyl-D-glucamine), macrogol (polyethylene glycol 400), povidone (collidon® 17 РF or plasdon C-15), water for injection.
Thioctic acid is marketed under different brands and generic names, and comes in different dosage forms:
Brand name | Manufacturer | Country | Dosage form |
---|---|---|---|
Tiolepta | Canonpharma | Russia | solution |
Espa-lipon | Esparma | Germany | ampoules |
Thiolipon | Biosynthesis | Russia | pills |
Octolipen | Pharmstandard | Russia | pills |
Berlition | Berlin-Chemie/Menarini | Germany | ampoules |
Tiolepta | Canonpharma | Russia | pills |
Thioctacid BV | Meda Pharma GmbH & Co. KG | Switzerland | pills |
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Dosage and Administration
The preparation is intended for preparation of solution for infusions after preliminary cultivation in isotonic solution of sodium chloride.
Severe forms of diabetic or alcoholic neuropathy
Once a day in the form of intravenous drip infusions 24 ml of solution in 250 ml of isotonic solution of sodium chloride (which corresponds to 600 mg of alpha-lipoic acid per day). The drug is recommended to be used within 2-4 weeks. Solutions for infusion should be administered within 50 minutes. Prepared solutions must be stored in a dark place and used for a maximum of 6 hours after preparation.
Next, you should switch to maintenance therapy in the form of pills at a dose of 400-600 mg per day. The minimum duration of treatment with pills is 3 months.
Adverse reactions
Allergic reactions are possible: urticaria, systemic allergic reactions (up to the development of anaphylactic shock). Perhaps the development of hypoglycemia (due to improved glucose uptake). If ingestion may be dyspeptic symptoms, including nausea, heartburn, vomiting.
When administered intravenously, seizures are very rare; diplopia; point hemorrhages in mucous membranes, skin; thrombocytopathy; hemorrhagic rash (purpura), thrombophlebitis.
With the rapid introduction may increase intracranial pressure (the emergence of a feeling of heaviness in the head); difficulty breathing.
Contraindications
- hypersensitivity to the components of the drug Espa-lipon;
- children's age (efficiency and safety of use are not established);
- pregnancy, breastfeeding period (there is not enough experience with the drug).
Drug interactions
Thioctic (alpha-lipoic) acid forms difficult soluble complex compounds with sugar molecules (for example, levulose solution), therefore, it is incompatible with glucose solution, Ringer's solution, and also with compounds (including their solutions) that interact with disulfide and SH – groups.
Thioctic (alpha-lipoic) acid (as an infusion solution) reduces the effect of cisplatin.
Pregnancy and Lactation
The possibility of using Espa-lipon during pregnancy is determined by the attending physician. Breastfeeding should be discontinued at the time of treatment (no data are available on whether alpha-lipoic acid is excreted in breast milk).
Special instructions
In patients with diabetes mellitus, especially at the beginning of treatment, frequent monitoring of glucose concentration in the blood is necessary. In some cases, a reduction in the dose of hypoglycemic agents is required.
During treatment, it is necessary to strictly abstain from alcohol, since the therapeutic effect of thioctic (alpha-lipoic) acid is weakened when exposed to alcohol.
Overdosage
Symptoms: headache, nausea, vomiting.
Treatment: symptomatic. There is no specific antidote.
- Active ingredient: Thioctic acid
Studies and clinical trials of Thioctic acid (Click to expand)
- Thioctic acid in wheat flour
- Lipoic acid (thioctic acid) analogs, tryptophan analogs, and urea do not interfere with the assay of biotin and biotin metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography/avidin-binding assay
- Direct application strategy to immobilise a thioctic acid self-assembled monolayer on a gold electrode
- Electrochemical detection of lead ions via the covalent attachment of human angiotensin I to mercaptopropionic acid and thioctic acid self-assembled monolayers
- Comparative Treatment of α-Amanitin Poisoning With N-Acetylcysteine, Benzylpenicillin, Cimetidine, Thioctic Acid, and Silybin in a Murine Model
- In response to Tong TC, et al. Comparative treatment of alpha-amanitin poisoning with N-acetylcysteine, benzylpenicillin, cimetidine, thioctic acid, and silybin in a murine model
- A comparative study of capacitive immunosensors based on self-assembled monolayers formed from thiourea, thioctic acid, and 3-mercaptopropionic acid
- Potential control characteristics of short-chain thiols of thioctic acid and mercaptohexanol self-assembled on gold
- Electron transfer studies through mixed self-assembled monolayers of thiophenol and thioctic acid
- Voltammetry of immobilized cytochrome c on novel binary self-assembled monolayers of thioctic acid and thioctic amide modified gold electrodes
- Thioctic acid modification of oligonucleotides using an H-phosphonate
- Studies on the effect of solvents on self-assembly of thioctic acid and Mercaptohexanol on gold
- In vivo determination of the monoamine neurotransmitters in rat brain by liquid chromatography with a thioctic acid/iridium oxide–palladium modified electrode
- Characterization and gas chromatographic determination of active principles of biological interest in pharmaceutical products (gastric mucoprotein and thioctic acid)
- Nature of immobilized antibody layers linked to thioctic acid treated gold surfaces
- Burning mouth syndrome (BMS): double blind controlled study of alpha-lipoic acid (thioctic acid) therapy
- Lack of interaction between thioctic acid, glibenclamide and acarbose
- Effects of 3-week oral treatment with the antioxidant thioctic acid (α-lipoic acid) in symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy
- Treatment of experimental tumours by thioctic acid
- Lipoic (thioctic) acid increases brain energy availability and skeletal muscle performance as shown by in vivo31P-MRS in a patient with mitochondrial cytopathy
- Immobilization of proteins on gold coated porous membranes via an activated self-assembled monolayer of thioctic acid
- Thioctic acid does not restore glutathione levels or protect against the potentiation of 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity induced by glutathione depletion in rat brain
- Influence of food intake on the bioavailability of thioctic acid enantiomers
- METABOLIC EFFECTS OF THIOCTIC ACID IN RODENT MODELS OF INSULIN RESISTANCE AND DIABETES